4 Levels of interventions: (1) Micro-interventions (1.1) Personal; (1.2) Interpersonal; (2) Macro-interventions (2.1) Organizational/environmental: Schools, workplaces, community, facilities, shopping centers, etc. (2.2) Intervention/legislative: laws, regulations, polities: "Health of the Nation" - degree of low back problems.

Micro-interventions should measure the feelings of participants. Key question: does the individual participant get pleasure from exercising?

The evaluation of the effectiveness of exercise & physical activity micro-interventions starts with defining what level of "exercise" is the person? Options could include (1) being sedentary; (2) maintaining exercise; (3) recently dropping out; (4) just restarting participation; - the consequent question: is the individual contemplating to start exercising or not?

Strategies for individual behavior change include (1) education and attitude change; (2) decision balance sheet; (3) self-efficacy enhancement; goal-setting; (5) self-monitoring;

Reliable data on the effectiveness of Public Health Care (PHC) interventions is sparse. Recruitment of counselors strategy (e.g. GPs) might become one micro-intervention strategy example to target individuals. Proper professional education should be provided to such counselors.

Group- and community-level interventions aim at identifying key issues in exercise promotion across the settings: [1] schools, [2] work, and [3] community;

[1] School setting - Benefits for targeting physical activity: (1) Capture a critical age range (changes most likely appear possible) (2) School-wide strategies enable virtually all members of an age cohort to be targeted. (3) Delivery structure is already in place (through physical and health education)

Behavioral issues in Heath/Fitness promotion with children: (a) Transporting children / Active travel to school; (b) Time & Intensiveness of PE classes (no evidence for harming academic performance) (c) Games (enjoyable factor) are more effective (CATCH intervention)

[2] Workplace: Interventions in health promotion: (1) Issue of corporations’ motivations (pull/push motivations: pro-initiatives vs reactive punishments); (2) Physical Activity is economically beneficial; (3) No specific data illustrations; (4) Prolonged life members is good but the side-effect is extra pension costs; (5) Physically active commuting to work (1 out of 10 workers) (6) Adherence Issue: employees start but give up after 1-2 months (7) Promoting walking: active commuting may be easier to achieve them promoting cycling.

[3] The Community: large-scale, high-visibility, community-wide campaigns that used a range of methods is the most effective in increasing physical activity: (a) both formal & informal approaches are effective; (b) Chain of persuasion defines the appearance of behavior; (c) Social Marketing is good on half-way of the chain of persuasion; (d) Goal of mass media is an awareness raising;

Types of strategies that may be possible to introduce in Community physical activity promotion: (1) Guidelines for the promotion of exercise in the community; (2) Emphasise the role of environmental settings (e.g. cycling path) and social supports (e.g. child care); (3) Use a judicious combination of media: mass media promotions of facilities’ access; (4) Operate simultaneously on a number of different levels and identify aspects of the behavior change process which are of concern. (5) Provide a variety of specific exercise options, depending on group interests; (6) Develop and promote exercise options that are intrinsically appealing; (7) Make sound-based information & instructions readily available; (8) Consider transport, commercial & educational settings; (9) Stairs for people with special needs to be particularly noticed;